S.M.A.R.T. objectives are a framework for setting and achieving the aim and purpose of your project. The letters stand for :

Specific (S): A specific goal has a clear and well-defined outcome. It answers the question: “What exactly do we want to achieve?” For example, instead of saying “A better way to teach,” a specific goal would be “Increase the number of students who pass the written exam to 80%”.

Measurable (M): Measurable goals are quantifiable. They allow you to track progress. However, learning is difficult to measure, but still, how would you define success? Note that you will never find the "best way", or "optimal way".

Achievable (A): Objectives should be realistic and attainable. While it’s great to aim high, setting unattainable goals can lead to frustration. Break down larger goals into smaller, manageable steps. Also, appreciate proven experience. Not everything has to be scientifically proven.

Relevant (R): Relevant goals align with the aim of the context, e.g., expected learning outcomes, the vision of BTH or the general purpose of higher education. Avoid setting goals just for the sake of it. Also, if you already know the answer, it is then relevant?

Time-Bound (T): Goals need deadlines. A time-bound goal specifies when it should be achieved. Without a timeframe, it’s challenging to evaluate progress.

The S.M.A.R.T. framework was first introduced by George T. Doran in a paper titled "There's a S.M.A.R.T. way to write management's goals and objectives". Since then the concept has evolved and adapted into a general academic context. Hence the (A) has changed from Assignable to Achievable.

Formulating the aim and purpose of a project and breaking it down to specific research questions usually requires an interactive process. The more you analyse, discuss and do research your perception of the problem will change. However, there are some further guidelines:

Clarity: Avoid vague words like "better", "further", or other words ending with "[...]er".

Open questions: Avoid closed statements that can be answered with "yes" or "no". Rather use "what" or "how".

Curiosity: We have to allow innovation and experimentation. Often there is no right way, even if we can have qualified guesses based on previous knowledge or proven experience.